​Orange Mound: A Pioneer Neighborhood in Memphis

Orange Mound, nestled in southeastern Memphis, Tennessee, holds a unique place in American history as the first neighborhood in the United States purposefully built by and for African Americans. The area's rich history dates back to the mid-19th century when it was part of the John George Deaderick Plantation.

In 1890, the land was purchased by Elzey Eugene Meacham, a white real estate developer. Meacham had a vision that went against the prevailing segregationist attitudes of the time. He divided the land into narrow lots and sold them exclusively to African Americans, creating a self-contained and proud community.

The neighborhood's name comes from the mock orange shrubs that grew abundantly in the area, lending a distinctive character to the landscape. As Orange Mound grew, it became a beacon of hope and opportunity for African Americans across the South, many of whom were seeking to escape the harsh realities of sharecropping and rural poverty.

By the mid-20th century, Orange Mound had blossomed into a thriving community, boasting a diverse mix of residences, businesses, churches, and cultural centers. It was home to a vibrant music scene, produced notable athletes, and fostered a strong sense of community pride. At its peak in the 1970s, Orange Mound had one of the highest concentrations of African Americans in the United States, second only to Harlem in New York City.

Like many urban neighborhoods, Orange Mound faced challenges in the latter part of the 20th century, including economic decline, crime, and drug issues. However, the strong community spirit that had always defined Orange Mound persevered. In recent years, there have been significant revitalization efforts, with community organizations and cultural institutions working tirelessly to preserve the neighborhood's rich heritage and foster a new era of growth and prosperity.